These results were found to be better than results reported till date using either the same or different material systems. Finally, the experimental thermal conductivity results were compared and validated against the Maxwell effective model. The exceptional enhancement in the thermal conductivity of the bare Fe 3O 4 NP-based ferrofluid compared to that of the Fe 3O core–shell NP-based ferrofluid was due to the more pronounced effect of the chain-like network formation/clustering of bare Fe 3O 4 NPs in the base fluid. Similarly, an enhancement in the thermal conductivity of ∼153% and ∼116% was recorded for Fe 3O 4 ( ca. 7 nm) NP-based ferrofluids compared to the base fluid, respectively. Exceptional results were obtained, where the electrical conductivity was enhanced up to ∼3222% and ∼2015% for Fe 3O 4 ( ca. The electrical and thermal conductivities of Fe 3O 4 NPs and Fe 3O core–shell NP-based ferrofluids were measured using different concentrations of NPs and with different sized NPs. The magnetic characterization revealed that the as-synthesized small average-sized Fe 3O 4 NPs ( ca. The thickness of the carbon shell over the Fe 3O 4 NPs was found to be in the range of ∼1–3 nm. Herein, we report the investigation of the electrical and thermal conductivity of Fe 3 O 4 and Fe 3 O 4 carbon (Fe 3 O 4 C) coreshell nanoparticle (NP)-based ferrofluids. It was found that the prepared membrane showed ultrahigh water permeability. The average particle size of Fe 3O 4 NPs and Fe 3O core–shell NPs was found to be in the range of ∼5–25 nm and ∼7–28 nm, respectively. Initially, coreshell structure nickel nanoparticles (metal Ni core coated with a NiO/Ni(OH) 2 shell) decorated copper mesh to synthesize superhydrophilic membrane via electrodeposition method have been reported by Luo’s group for the oil/water separation. Different sized Fe 3O 4 NPs were synthesized via a chemical co-precipitation method followed by carbon coating as a shell over the Fe 3O 4 NPs via the hydrothermal technique. Herein, we report the investigation of the electrical and thermal conductivity of Fe 3O 4 and Fe 3O (Fe 3O core–shell nanoparticle (NP)-based ferrofluids. State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China 706, Jazan 45142, Saudi ArabiaĬenter of Excellence for Research in Engineering Materials, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 706, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabiaĭepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Jazan University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaĬolloids and Polymers Research Group, School of Chemical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamilnadu 632014, Indiaĭepartment of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Jazan University, P.O. 706, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabiaĭepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Jazan University, P.O.
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